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These processes generally require pure water, H2O, which is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. As water passes through soil, it becomes contaminated with both beneficial and harmful substances due to water being an excellent solvent. To produce acceptable water for industries, most of these substances need to be removed. One of the most critical factors for industries is controlling corrosion and scaling.
Impurities in water include dissolved and suspended solids. Calcium is one of the primary contaminants that need to be removed. Turbidity, Hardness (calcium and magnesium as CaCO3), Alkalinity, Sulfate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl–), Nitrate (NO3–), Fluoride (F–), Sodium (Na+), Silica (SiO2), Iron (Fe2+, Fe3+, ferrous and ferric), Manganese (Mn2+), Aluminum (Al3+), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3), Dissolved and Suspended Solids are common pollutants found in various water sources.
Different water purification methods are available to address these issues. Many industrial systems utilize pretreatment steps like aeration and clarification to reduce carbon dioxide and to facilitate the oxidation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, iron, and manganese. Coagulation and Flocculation are water treatment steps.
The next step typically involves Filtration and/or Ion Exchange. The following Industrial Water Purification Systems are designed for these steps.
The subsequent step could be Demineralization (DI) or Membrane Systems like Industrial Reverse Osmosis Systems (RO). Depending on the applications, DI systems may come before or after RO. For instance, to produce ultra-pure water for laboratory use, a DI system is required after RO. For standard industrial water with high mineral content, a DI system can be used before RO.